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Common Wealth

Audit name:

[SCA] Common Wealth | Marketplace | Sep2024

Date:

Jan 24, 2025

Table of Content

→Introduction
→Audit Summary
→System Overview
→Potential Risks
→Findings
→Appendix 1. Definitions
→Appendix 2. Scope
→Appendix 3. Additional Valuables
→Disclaimer

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Introduction

We express our gratitude to the Common Wealth team for the collaborative engagement that enabled the execution of this Smart Contract Security Assessment.

Common Wealth is an investment protocol that allows users to invest their tokens and get rewards.

Document

NameSmart Contract Code Review and Security Analysis Report for Common Wealth
Audited ByOlesia Bilenka
Approved ByPrzemyslaw Swiatowiec
Websitecommon-wealth.io→
Changelog26/09/2024 - Preliminary Report
03/10/2024 - Final Report
PlatformBase
LanguageSolidity
TagsNon-fungible Token (NFT); Staking; Marketplace; Oracle
Methodologyhttps://hackenio.cc/sc_methodology→

  • Document

    Name
    Smart Contract Code Review and Security Analysis Report for Common Wealth
    Audited By
    Olesia Bilenka
    Approved By
    Przemyslaw Swiatowiec
    Website
    common-wealth.io→
    Changelog
    26/09/2024 - Preliminary Report
    03/10/2024 - Final Report
    Platform
    Base
    Language
    Solidity
    Tags
    Non-fungible Token (NFT); Staking; Marketplace; Oracle
    Methodology
    https://hackenio.cc/sc_methodology→

Review Scope

Repositoryhttps://github.com/CommonWealthDAO/commonwealth-contracts/→
Commit95f00be

Audit Summary

16Total Findings
14Resolved
0Accepted
2Mitigated

The system users should acknowledge all the risks summed up in the risks section of the report

Documentation quality

  • Functional requirements are provided.

  • Technical description is provided.

Code quality

  • The code mostly follows best practices.

  • The development environment is configured.

Test coverage

Code coverage of the project is 98.14%.

  • Deployment and basic user interactions are covered with tests.

System Overview

Common Wealth is an investment protocol that allows users to invest their tokens and get rewards by staking or handling NFTs with the following contracts:

  • UniswapWlthPriceOracle.sol - The contract is designed to provide token prices calculated based on the Oracle library for specific Uniswap pools.

  • UniswapSwapper.sol - The wrapper for swaps on Uniswap DEX.

  • WlthFund.sol - The contract that keeps hashed data of proposals driven by discourse and also executes transfers to investees from secondary sales wallet, triggered by CW team or backend along with proper allowance.

  • ProfitProvider.sol - The contract that handles the profit sent by the project.

  • OwnablePausable.sol - The contract that handles pause/unpause.

  • BuybackAndBurn.sol - The contract that automatically buys WLTH tokens from DEX using USDC then burns acquired WLTH.

  • StateMachine.sol - The contract that restricts unacceptable states.

  • PerpetualNFT.sol - The NFT contract that reflects perpetual fund investment.

  • PerpetualFund.sol - The contract that handles perpetual fund logic, raising funds and distributing fees and payouts for investors

  • WlthBonusStaking.sol - The contract that allows users to stake WLTH for extra WLTH reward. Already deployed and running on production

  • Marketplace.sol - The contract that handles listing (with edit and cancel option) and selling NFTs functionalities.

Privileged roles

  • The owner of the UniswapWlthPriceOracle contract can set an observation time and pool addresses.

  • The owner of the UniswapSwapper contract can set the swap router contract address.

  • The owner of the ProfitProvider contract can set a minimum profit.

  • The owner of the BuybackAndBurn contract can set a minimum buyback.

  • The owner of the PerpetualNFT can add/remove minters, set a perpetual fund, set a metadata name, metadata description, metadata image, all metadata, metadata external URL,  minimum value, and marketplace.

  • The owner of the PerpetualFund contract can set a staking wlth amount, a minimum investment amount, a profit provider, a buyback and burn address, and close funds.

  • The owner of the WlthBonusStaking contract can set staking schedules.

  • The owner of the Marketplace contract can add/remove the allowed contracts.

  • Additionally, the owner of any contracts can pause/unpause the contracts.

Potential Risks

Centralized Control of Minting Process: The token contract’s design allows for centralized control over the minting process, posing a risk of unauthorized token issuance, potentially diluting the token value and undermining trust in the project's economic governance.

Owner's Unrestricted State Modification: The absence of restrictions on state variable modifications by the owner leads to arbitrary changes, affecting contract integrity and user trust, especially during critical operations like minting phases.

Lack of Monitoring on Key Functions: The smart contracts currently lack monitoring for its key functions. Without proper monitoring, it is challenging to detect and respond to unauthorized activities, irregular behaviors, or potential hacking attempts in real-time. This absence of surveillance increases the risk of undetected exploits or issues that could compromise the contract's security and integrity.

Findings

Code
―
Title
Status
Severity
F-2024-6230Missing Active Status Check in _cancelListing Function Can Lead to Listing Count Inaccuracy and NFT Locking
fixed

Critical
F-2025-8463Incorrect Profit Withdrawal Index Increment Allows Mult iple Withdrawals
fixed

High
F-2024-6234Potential Price Manipulation in updateListingPrice Function Can Lead to Frontrunning and Overpayment
fixed

Medium
F-2024-6240Missing Slippage Protection in the BuybackAndBurn Contract
fixed

Medium
F-2024-6241Insufficient Reward Allocation in WlthBonusStaking Contract Leading to Stake Damages
fixed

Low
F-2024-6229Risk of Ownership Control Loss in Owner-Dependent Contracts
mitigated

Low
F-2025-8462Unbounded Array Growth Leading to DoS in PerpetualFunds
fixed

Low
F-2024-6242Redundant listingId Field in Listing Struct Leads to Unnecessary Gas Usage
fixed

Observation
F-2024-6239Redundant Pausable Inheritance
mitigated

Observation
F-2024-6233Floating Pragma
fixed

Observation
1-10 of 16 findings

Identify vulnerabilities in your smart contracts.

Appendix 1. Definitions

Severities

When auditing smart contracts, Hacken is using a risk-based approach that considers Likelihood, Impact, Exploitability and Complexity metrics to evaluate findings and score severities.

Reference on how risk scoring is done is available through the repository in our Github organization:

Severity

Description

Critical
Critical vulnerabilities are usually straightforward to exploit and can lead to the loss of user funds or contract state manipulation.

High
High vulnerabilities are usually harder to exploit, requiring specific conditions, or have a more limited scope, but can still lead to the loss of user funds or contract state manipulation.

Medium
Medium vulnerabilities are usually limited to state manipulations and, in most cases, cannot lead to asset loss. Contradictions and requirements violations. Major deviations from best practices are also in this category.

Low
Major deviations from best practices or major Gas inefficiency. These issues will not have a significant impact on code execution.

  • Severity

    Critical

    Description

    Critical vulnerabilities are usually straightforward to exploit and can lead to the loss of user funds or contract state manipulation.

    Severity

    High

    Description

    High vulnerabilities are usually harder to exploit, requiring specific conditions, or have a more limited scope, but can still lead to the loss of user funds or contract state manipulation.

    Severity

    Medium

    Description

    Medium vulnerabilities are usually limited to state manipulations and, in most cases, cannot lead to asset loss. Contradictions and requirements violations. Major deviations from best practices are also in this category.

    Severity

    Low

    Description

    Major deviations from best practices or major Gas inefficiency. These issues will not have a significant impact on code execution.

Potential Risks

The "Potential Risks" section identifies issues that are not direct security vulnerabilities but could still affect the project’s performance, reliability, or user trust. These risks arise from design choices, architectural decisions, or operational practices that, while not immediately exploitable, may lead to problems under certain conditions. Additionally, potential risks can impact the quality of the audit itself, as they may involve external factors or components beyond the scope of the audit, leading to incomplete assessments or oversight of key areas. This section aims to provide a broader perspective on factors that could affect the project's long-term security, functionality, and the comprehensiveness of the audit findings.

Appendix 2. Scope

The scope of the project includes the following smart contracts from the provided repository:

Assets in Scope

contracts
UniswapWlthPriceOracle.sol - contracts › UniswapWlthPriceOracle.sol
UniswapSwapper.sol - contracts › UniswapSwapper.sol
WlthFund.sol - contracts › WlthFund.sol
ProfitProvider.sol - contracts › ProfitProvider.sol
OwnablePausable.sol - contracts › OwnablePausable.sol
BuybackAndBurn.sol - contracts › BuybackAndBurn.sol
StateMachine.sol - contracts › StateMachine.sol
PerpetualNFT.sol - contracts › PerpetualNFT.sol
PerpetualFund.sol - contracts › PerpetualFund.sol
WlthBonusStaking.sol - contracts › WlthBonusStaking.sol
Marketplace.sol - contracts › Marketplace.sol
libraries
Constants.sol - contracts › libraries › Constants.sol
LibFund.sol - contracts › libraries › LibFund.sol
Utils.sol - contracts › libraries › Utils.sol
Wlth.sol - contracts › Wlth.sol
interfaces
IProfitProvider.sol - contracts › interfaces › IProfitProvider.sol
IWlthBonusStaking.sol - contracts › interfaces › IWlthBonusStaking.sol
IUniswapWlthPrice.sol - contracts › interfaces › IUniswapWlthPrice.sol
IInvestmentNFT.sol - contracts › interfaces › IInvestmentNFT.sol

Appendix 3. Additional Valuables

Verification of System Invariants

During the audit of Common Wealth, Hacken followed its methodology by performing fuzz-testing on the project's main functions. Echidna →, a tool used for fuzz-testing, was employed to check how the protocol behaves under various inputs. Due to the complex and dynamic interactions within the protocol, unexpected edge cases might arise. Therefore, it was important to use fuzz-testing to ensure that several system invariants hold true in all situations.

Fuzz-testing allows the input of many random data points into the system, helping to identify issues that regular testing might miss. A specific Echidna fuzzing suite was prepared for this task, and throughout the assessment, 17 invariants were tested over 80,000 runs. This thorough testing ensured that the system works correctly even with unexpected or unusual inputs.

Invariant

Test Result

Run Count

Marketplace::listNFT should always return Marketplace__ERC721AddressNotAllowed if the newToken is not added using addAllowedContract. The listNFT function should only allow tokens from contracts that are explicitly added to the allowed contract list.Passed80k
Marketplace::listNFT should always return Marketplace__NFTNotOwnedByMsgSender if the tokenOwner and msg.sender are not the same. The listNFT function should allow only the owner of the token to list it.Passed80k
Marketplace::listNFT should always return Marketplace__NFTNotApprovedForMarketplaceContract if the token is not approved by approve for the marketplace contract. The listNFT function should only list tokens if they are approved for the marketplace contract.Passed80k
Marketplace::listNFT should always return Marketplace__NftAlreadyListed if the token is already listed. A token cannot be listed again if it's already listed in the marketplace.Passed80k
Marketplace::listNFT should always return Marketplace__ZeroPrice if the price of the listed token is zero. The listNFT function should not allow a price of zero.Passed80k
Marketplace::listNFT should always handle listing of multiple tokens (tokensAmount) for a valid tokenOwner. The marketplace should handle different amounts of token listings (e.g., from 1 to 1000 tokens).Passed80k
Marketplace::updateListingPrice should always return Marketplace__ZeroPrice if the updated price is zero. The updateListingPrice function should revert if the new price is set to zero.Failed80k
Marketplace::buyNFT should always return Marketplace__ListingNotActive if the token is not listed. The buyNFT function should only succeed if the token is actively listed.Passed80k
Marketplace::buyNFT should always return Marketplace__NotEnoughWlthApproved if the buyer’s allowance is less than the price of the listed token. The buyNFT function should revert if the buyer has insufficient allowance.Passed80k
Marketplace::buyNFT The balanceOf function should return allowance - price after a successful purchase for the buyer’s address. After a successful purchase, the buyer's balance should decrease by the token price.Passed80k
WlthBonusStaking::stake should always subtract a 1% fee from the staked amount and record the remaining 99% of the tokens under the user’s staked balance. The test should assert that the staked balance for the staker matches the expected amount.Passed80k
WlthBonusStaking::claimReward should calculate and apply the correct penalty based on the time passed, and the staker should receive the remaining reward after the penalty deduction.Passed80k
WlthBonusStaking::claimReward should always distribute the reward that remains after the penalty has been deducted. The staked amount should be set to zero after claiming, and the staker’s balance should reflect the correct reward after applying any applicable penalty.Passed80k
WlthBonusStaking::unstake should always deduct a 1% fee from the staked amount and transfer the remaining 99% to the staker. After unstaking, the staker’s balance should reflect the correct amount after the fee, and the contract should record zero staked tokens for the staker.Passed80k
WlthBonusStaking::unstake should ensure that the community fund receives both the initial 1% staking fee and the 1% unstaking fee.Passed80k
PerpetualNFT::mint() should only allow minters who have been registered via addMinter() to mint new tokens.Passed80k
PerpetualNFT::split() function should revert if the sum of splitValues[] does not equal the original token's value, ensuring value consistency during splits. If the split is successful, new tokens must be created with values exactly matching the specified splitValues[].Passed80k

  • Invariant

    Marketplace::listNFT should always return Marketplace__ERC721AddressNotAllowed if the newToken is not added using addAllowedContract. The listNFT function should only allow tokens from contracts that are explicitly added to the allowed contract list.

    Test Result

    Passed

    Run Count

    80k

    Invariant

    Marketplace::listNFT should always return Marketplace__NFTNotOwnedByMsgSender if the tokenOwner and msg.sender are not the same. The listNFT function should allow only the owner of the token to list it.

    Test Result

    Passed

    Run Count

    80k

    Invariant

    Marketplace::listNFT should always return Marketplace__NFTNotApprovedForMarketplaceContract if the token is not approved by approve for the marketplace contract. The listNFT function should only list tokens if they are approved for the marketplace contract.

    Test Result

    Passed

    Run Count

    80k

    Invariant

    Marketplace::listNFT should always return Marketplace__NftAlreadyListed if the token is already listed. A token cannot be listed again if it's already listed in the marketplace.

    Test Result

    Passed

    Run Count

    80k

    Invariant

    Marketplace::listNFT should always return Marketplace__ZeroPrice if the price of the listed token is zero. The listNFT function should not allow a price of zero.

    Test Result

    Passed

    Run Count

    80k

    Invariant

    Marketplace::listNFT should always handle listing of multiple tokens (tokensAmount) for a valid tokenOwner. The marketplace should handle different amounts of token listings (e.g., from 1 to 1000 tokens).

    Test Result

    Passed

    Run Count

    80k

    Invariant

    Marketplace::updateListingPrice should always return Marketplace__ZeroPrice if the updated price is zero. The updateListingPrice function should revert if the new price is set to zero.

    Test Result

    Failed

    Run Count

    80k

    Invariant

    Marketplace::buyNFT should always return Marketplace__ListingNotActive if the token is not listed. The buyNFT function should only succeed if the token is actively listed.

    Test Result

    Passed

    Run Count

    80k

    Invariant

    Marketplace::buyNFT should always return Marketplace__NotEnoughWlthApproved if the buyer’s allowance is less than the price of the listed token. The buyNFT function should revert if the buyer has insufficient allowance.

    Test Result

    Passed

    Run Count

    80k

    Invariant

    Marketplace::buyNFT The balanceOf function should return allowance - price after a successful purchase for the buyer’s address. After a successful purchase, the buyer's balance should decrease by the token price.

    Test Result

    Passed

    Run Count

    80k

    Invariant

    WlthBonusStaking::stake should always subtract a 1% fee from the staked amount and record the remaining 99% of the tokens under the user’s staked balance. The test should assert that the staked balance for the staker matches the expected amount.

    Test Result

    Passed

    Run Count

    80k

    Invariant

    WlthBonusStaking::claimReward should calculate and apply the correct penalty based on the time passed, and the staker should receive the remaining reward after the penalty deduction.

    Test Result

    Passed

    Run Count

    80k

    Invariant

    WlthBonusStaking::claimReward should always distribute the reward that remains after the penalty has been deducted. The staked amount should be set to zero after claiming, and the staker’s balance should reflect the correct reward after applying any applicable penalty.

    Test Result

    Passed

    Run Count

    80k

    Invariant

    WlthBonusStaking::unstake should always deduct a 1% fee from the staked amount and transfer the remaining 99% to the staker. After unstaking, the staker’s balance should reflect the correct amount after the fee, and the contract should record zero staked tokens for the staker.

    Test Result

    Passed

    Run Count

    80k

    Invariant

    WlthBonusStaking::unstake should ensure that the community fund receives both the initial 1% staking fee and the 1% unstaking fee.

    Test Result

    Passed

    Run Count

    80k

    Invariant

    PerpetualNFT::mint() should only allow minters who have been registered via addMinter() to mint new tokens.

    Test Result

    Passed

    Run Count

    80k

    Invariant

    PerpetualNFT::split() function should revert if the sum of splitValues[] does not equal the original token's value, ensuring value consistency during splits. If the split is successful, new tokens must be created with values exactly matching the specified splitValues[].

    Test Result

    Passed

    Run Count

    80k

Disclaimer

Common Wealth audit by Hacken