Introduction
We express our gratitude to the 0x0 team for the collaborative engagement that enabled the execution of this Smart Contract Security Assessment.
Arcane is a contract within the 0x0 project that facilitates unlinkable transfers, withdrawals, and function calls for the Arcane Wallet.
| title | content |
|---|---|
| Platform | EVM |
| Language | Solidity |
| Tags | Escrow |
| Timeline | 19/03/2024 - 09/04/2024 |
| Methodology | https://hackenio.cc/sc_methodology→ |
Review Scope | |
|---|---|
| Repository | https://github.com/0x0exchange/arcane→ |
| Commit | 9b76b17b14419f5d2d50238beb7f26c60f573e5a |
Review Scope
- Repository
- https://github.com/0x0exchange/arcane→
- Commit
- 9b76b17b14419f5d2d50238beb7f26c60f573e5a
Audit Summary
10/10
63.71%
10/10
10/10
The system users should acknowledge all the risks summed up in the risks section of the report
Document Information
This report may contain confidential information about IT systems and the intellectual property of the Customer, as well as information about potential vulnerabilities and methods of their exploitation.
The report can be disclosed publicly after prior consent by another Party. Any subsequent publication of this report shall be without mandatory consent.
Document | |
|---|---|
| Name | Smart Contract Code Review and Security Analysis Report for 0x0 |
| Audited By | Maksym Fedorenko, Roman Tiutiun |
| Approved By | Przemyslaw Swiatowiec, Grzegorz Trawiński |
| Website | https://0x0.ai/→ |
| Changelog | 22/03/2024 - Preliminary Report; 09/04/2024 - Final Review |
Document
- Name
- Smart Contract Code Review and Security Analysis Report for 0x0
- Audited By
- Maksym Fedorenko, Roman Tiutiun
- Approved By
- Przemyslaw Swiatowiec, Grzegorz Trawiński
- Website
- https://0x0.ai/→
- Changelog
- 22/03/2024 - Preliminary Report; 09/04/2024 - Final Review
System Overview
Arcane is a contract within the 0x0 project that facilitates unlinkable transfers, withdrawals, and function calls for the Arcane Wallet. Built on the stealth address protocol, this contract plays a crucial role in ensuring privacy for users. The project includes the following smart contract:
Arcane.sol — the Arcane wallet is to ensure the privacy of EVM-based blockchain transactions. It achieves this by making transactions appear anonymous, concealing the identity of the sender (e.g., 'Alice') and a recipient (e.g., 'Bob' or a contract like 'UNISWAP').
Privileged roles
The owner of the Arcane contract can arbitrarily set the treasury address, set the 0x0 token address, and set the minimum relayer 0x0 token balance.
Executive Summary
Documentation quality
The total Documentation Quality score is 10 out of 10.
Functional requirements are provided.
Technical description is provided.
Code quality
The total Code Quality score is 10 out of 10.
Test coverage
Code coverage of the project is 63.71% (branch coverage)
The code is has uncovered branches.
Security score
Upon auditing, the code was found to contain 0 critical, 1 high, 0 medium, and 0 low severity issues, leading to a security score of 5 out of 10. Upon the retest, all issues were fixed resulting in the final score of 10 out of 10.
All identified issues are detailed in the “Findings” section of this report.
Summary
The comprehensive audit of the customer's smart contract yields an overall score of 8.6. This score reflects the combined evaluation of documentation, code quality, test coverage, and security aspects of the project.
Risks
The logic of the Arcane contract might be upgraded any time by the Admin.
The Admin might update the address of the 0x0 tokens within the Arcane contract which will disallow all the relayers to execute the transactions.
Findings
Code ― | Title | Status | Severity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F-2024-1632 | Malicious Actor Might Drain All The Tokens From The Contract | fixed | High | |
| F-2024-1610 | Initializer Is Not Disabled In Constructor | fixed | Observation |
Appendix 1. Severity Definitions
When auditing smart contracts, Hacken is using a risk-based approach that considers Likelihood, Impact, Exploitability and Complexity metrics to evaluate findings and score severities.
Reference on how risk scoring is done is available through the repository in our Github organization:
Severity | Description |
|---|---|
Critical | Critical vulnerabilities are usually straightforward to exploit and can lead to the loss of user funds or contract state manipulation. |
High | High vulnerabilities are usually harder to exploit, requiring specific conditions, or have a more limited scope, but can still lead to the loss of user funds or contract state manipulation. |
Medium | Medium vulnerabilities are usually limited to state manipulations and, in most cases, cannot lead to asset loss. Contradictions and requirements violations. Major deviations from best practices are also in this category. |
Low | Major deviations from best practices or major Gas inefficiency. These issues will not have a significant impact on code execution, do not affect security score but can affect code quality score. |
Severity
- Critical
Description
- Critical vulnerabilities are usually straightforward to exploit and can lead to the loss of user funds or contract state manipulation.
Severity
- High
Description
- High vulnerabilities are usually harder to exploit, requiring specific conditions, or have a more limited scope, but can still lead to the loss of user funds or contract state manipulation.
Severity
- Medium
Description
- Medium vulnerabilities are usually limited to state manipulations and, in most cases, cannot lead to asset loss. Contradictions and requirements violations. Major deviations from best practices are also in this category.
Severity
- Low
Description
- Major deviations from best practices or major Gas inefficiency. These issues will not have a significant impact on code execution, do not affect security score but can affect code quality score.
Appendix 2. Scope
The scope of the project includes the following smart contracts from the provided repository:
Scope Details | |
|---|---|
| Repository | https://github.com/0x0exchange/arcane→ |
| Commit | 9b76b17b14419f5d2d50238beb7f26c60f573e5a |
| Whitepaper | Readme file |
| Requirements | Readme file |
| Technical Requirements | Readme file |
Scope Details
- Repository
- https://github.com/0x0exchange/arcane→
- Commit
- 9b76b17b14419f5d2d50238beb7f26c60f573e5a
- Whitepaper
- Readme file
- Requirements
- Readme file
- Technical Requirements
- Readme file