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- race-kingdom-limited
- [SCA] Race Kingdom LTD | Staking | Jun2022
Audit name:
[SCA] Race Kingdom LTD | Staking | Jun2022
Date:
Jun 24, 2022
Table of Content
Introduction
We express our gratitude to the Race Kingdom Limited team for the collaborative engagement that enabled the execution of this Smart Contract Security Assessment.
Race Kingdom Limited is an animal racing metaverse that offers several key contracts to facilitate its ecosystem. The RaceKingdom contract issues a BEP-20 token named ATOZ, with a fixed initial supply minted to a deployer and no provision for additional minting.
| title | content |
|---|---|
| Platform | EVM |
| Language | Solidity |
| Tags | Vesting; ERC20 |
| Timeline | 16/06/2022 - 24/06/2022 |
| Methodology | https://hackenio.cc/sc_methodology→ |
Review Scope | |
|---|---|
| Repository | https://github.com/racekingdom/smart-contract→ |
| Commit | 93057ad60b2938b3f7cdac00bdff7cf907902a16 |
Review Scope
- Commit
- 93057ad60b2938b3f7cdac00bdff7cf907902a16
Audit Summary
10/10
10/10
10/10
10/10
The system users should acknowledge all the risks summed up in the risks section of the report
Document Information
This report may contain confidential information about IT systems and the intellectual property of the Customer, as well as information about potential vulnerabilities and methods of their exploitation.
The report can be disclosed publicly after prior consent by another Party. Any subsequent publication of this report shall be without mandatory consent.
Document | |
|---|---|
| Name | Smart Contract Code Review and Security Analysis Report for Race Kingdom Limited |
| Audited By | Hacken |
| Website | https://racekingdom.io→ |
| Changelog | 16/06/2022 - Initial Review |
| 24/06/2022 - Second Review |
Document
- Name
- Smart Contract Code Review and Security Analysis Report for Race Kingdom Limited
- Audited By
- Hacken
- Website
- https://racekingdom.io→
- Changelog
- 16/06/2022 - Initial Review
- 24/06/2022 - Second Review
System Overview
Race Kingdom is an animal racing metaverse with the following contracts:
RaceKingdom — simple ERC20 token that mints all initial supply to addresses that will be used in vestings. Additional minting is not allowed. The token has the following attributes:
Name: Race Kingdom
Symbol: ATOZ
Decimals: 18
Total supply: 3.7b tokens.
RKVesting - a contract that is responsible for the control of vesting periods and unlocks.
Privileged roles
The owner of the RKVesting contract can revoke the vesting schedule for a specific identifier.
The owner of the RKVesting contract can withdraw exceeded tokens from the vesting pool.
The owner of the RKVesting contract can create a vesting schedule for a beneficiary.
Executive Summary
Documentation quality
The total Documentation quality score is 10 out of 10.
The Customer provided documentation that adequately described vesting logic.
Code quality
The total Code quality score is 10 out of 10.
Code is well-formatted, easy-readable, and without duplications.
Good unit test coverage.
Architecture quality
The Architecture quality score is 10 out of 10.
Logic is separated in different files, following the single responsibility principle.
Security score
Upon auditing, the code was found to contain 0 critical, 1 high, 1 medium, and 5 low severity issues. Out of these, 7 issues have been addressed and resolved, leading to a security score of 10 out of 10.
All identified issues are detailed in the “Findings” section of this report.
Summary
The comprehensive audit of the customer's smart contract yields an overall score of 10. This score reflects the combined evaluation of documentation, code quality, test coverage, and security aspects of the project.
Risks
In case of an admin keys leak, an attacker can lock all token transactions or change vestings.
Findings
Code ― | Title | Status | Severity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F-2022-1595 | Vesting requirements compliance | fixed | High | |
| F-2022-1596 | Stuck funds in the contract | fixed | Medium | |
| F-2022-1601 | Variable Shadowing | fixed | Low | |
| F-2022-1600 | Missing vesting validation | fixed | Low | |
| F-2022-1599 | Redundant payable address cast | fixed | Low | |
| F-2022-1598 | Zero address is allowed | fixed | Low | |
| F-2022-1597 | The public function could be declared external | fixed | Low |
Appendix 1. Severity Definitions
When auditing smart contracts, Hacken is using a risk-based approach that considers Likelihood, Impact, Exploitability and Complexity metrics to evaluate findings and score severities.
Reference on how risk scoring is done is available through the repository in our Github organization:
Severity | Description |
|---|---|
Critical | Critical vulnerabilities are usually straightforward to exploit and can lead to the loss of user funds or contract state manipulation. |
High | High vulnerabilities are usually harder to exploit, requiring specific conditions, or have a more limited scope, but can still lead to the loss of user funds or contract state manipulation. |
Medium | Medium vulnerabilities are usually limited to state manipulations and, in most cases, cannot lead to asset loss. Contradictions and requirements violations. Major deviations from best practices are also in this category. |
Low | Major deviations from best practices or major Gas inefficiency. These issues will not have a significant impact on code execution, do not affect security score but can affect code quality score. |
Severity
- Critical
Description
- Critical vulnerabilities are usually straightforward to exploit and can lead to the loss of user funds or contract state manipulation.
Severity
- High
Description
- High vulnerabilities are usually harder to exploit, requiring specific conditions, or have a more limited scope, but can still lead to the loss of user funds or contract state manipulation.
Severity
- Medium
Description
- Medium vulnerabilities are usually limited to state manipulations and, in most cases, cannot lead to asset loss. Contradictions and requirements violations. Major deviations from best practices are also in this category.
Severity
- Low
Description
- Major deviations from best practices or major Gas inefficiency. These issues will not have a significant impact on code execution, do not affect security score but can affect code quality score.
Appendix 2. Scope
The scope of the project includes the following smart contracts from the provided repository:
Scope Details | |
|---|---|
| Repository | https://github.com/racekingdom/smart-contract→ |
| Commit | 93057ad60b2938b3f7cdac00bdff7cf907902a16 |
| Whitepaper | Not provided |
| Technical Requirements | Provided |
Scope Details
- Commit
- 93057ad60b2938b3f7cdac00bdff7cf907902a16
- Whitepaper
- Not provided
- Technical Requirements
- Provided