Audit name:
[SCA] GBCK Token | ERC20 | Nov2024
Date:
Nov 8, 2024
Table of Content
Introduction
We express our gratitude to the GoldBrick team for the collaborative engagement that enabled the execution of this Smart Contract Security Assessment.
GoldBrick (GBCK) is a utility token for gaming, play-to-earn, and Web3 platforms, working as a plug-and-play reward layer any project can integrate for in-game currency, rewards, and on-chain settlement, giving users portable value across every platform that adopts it.
Document | |
|---|---|
| Name | Smart Contract Code Review and Security Analysis Report for GoldBrick |
| Audited By | Ataberk Yavuzer |
| Approved By | Grzegorz Trawinski |
| Website | https://goldbrick.io/→ |
| Changelog | 07/11/2024 - Preliminary Report |
| 08/11/2024 - Final Report | |
| 12/06/2026 - Updated Final Report | |
| Platform | BSC |
| Token Address | 0xdf5c227aB75D309D46fB9Df0F7Fa043e4534d2aB |
| Language | Solidity |
| Tags | ERC-20 |
| Methodology | https://hackenio.cc/sc_methodology→ |
Document
- Name
- Smart Contract Code Review and Security Analysis Report for GoldBrick
- Audited By
- Ataberk Yavuzer
- Approved By
- Grzegorz Trawinski
- Website
- https://goldbrick.io/→
- Changelog
- 07/11/2024 - Preliminary Report
- 08/11/2024 - Final Report
- 12/06/2026 - Updated Final Report
- Platform
- BSC
- Token Address
- 0xdf5c227aB75D309D46fB9Df0F7Fa043e4534d2aB
- Language
- Solidity
- Tags
- ERC-20
- Methodology
- https://hackenio.cc/sc_methodology→
Review Scope | |
|---|---|
| Repository | https://github.com/State1Dev/gbck-smart-contracts→ |
| Updated Repository | https://github.com/GoldBrickGBCK/gbck-smart-contracts→ |
| Initial Commit | eb38054984c07ac4cdb1ade8764d10e71b26f56d |
| Final Commit | 5d49bf4e58190226a4ba7fb2cacf47ce7cf686b2 |
Review Scope
- Updated Repository
- https://github.com/GoldBrickGBCK/gbck-smart-contracts→
- Initial Commit
- eb38054984c07ac4cdb1ade8764d10e71b26f56d
- Final Commit
- 5d49bf4e58190226a4ba7fb2cacf47ce7cf686b2
Audit Summary
The system users should acknowledge all the risks summed up in the risks section of the report
Documentation quality
Tokenomics documentation is present.
System-wide whitepaper documentation is present.
Technical requirements were not provided.
Code quality
Instance of Unused Import was found.
The code is missing some gas optimization examples.
Test coverage
Code coverage of the project is 0%.
No test cases were presented.
System Overview
GBCKToken.sol — simple ERC-20 token that mints all initial supply to a deployer. It has blacklisting functionality to prevent users against fraud and incidents. Additional minting is not allowed.
It has the following attributes:
Name: GoldBrick
Symbol: GBCK
Decimals: 18
Total supply: 150M tokens
Privileged roles
The owner of the GoldBrick Token:
Can add users to the blacklist or remove them from blacklist.
Holds the total supply when the protocol mints GBCK for the first time.
Can modify owner address.
Potential Risks
Centralized Minting to a Single Address: The project concentrates minting tokens in a single address, raising the risk of fund mismanagement or theft, especially if key storage security is compromised.
Single Points of Failure and Control: The project is fully or partially centralized, introducing single points of failure and control. This centralization can lead to vulnerabilities in decision-making and operational processes, making the system more susceptible to targeted attacks or manipulation.
Report Modification: This report was modified on June 12th, 2026, at the client’s request to update its original content by updating the repository link. While these changes aim to align the report with the most current information provided by the client, it is important to note that modifying previously published content may affect the integrity and continuity of the original audit findings. Hacken has reviewed the modifications to confirm they reflect only the requested updates, but any future changes involving substantial updates or new code commits should be accompanied by a re-assessment to ensure no new risks compromise the security posture.
Findings
cap() FunctionimmutableCode ― | Title | Status | Severity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F-2024-7019 | Unnecessary Declaration of cap() Function | fixed | Observation | |
| F-2024-7013 | Redundant Import | fixed | Observation | |
| F-2024-7012 | Use Custom Errors For Gas Efficiency | accepted | Observation | |
| F-2024-7010 | State Variables Only Set In The Constructor Should Be Declared immutable | fixed | Observation | |
| F-2024-7009 | Floating Pragma | fixed | Observation | |
| F-2024-7008 | Lack of Two-Step Ownership Pattern | fixed | Observation | |
| F-2024-7007 | Owner Can Renounce Ownership | fixed | Observation |
Appendix 1. Definitions
Severities
When auditing smart contracts, Hacken is using a risk-based approach that considers Likelihood, Impact, Exploitability and Complexity metrics to evaluate findings and score severities.
Reference on how risk scoring is done is available through the repository in our Github organization:
Severity | Description |
|---|---|
Critical | Critical vulnerabilities are usually straightforward to exploit and can lead to the loss of user funds or contract state manipulation. |
High | High vulnerabilities are usually harder to exploit, requiring specific conditions, or have a more limited scope, but can still lead to the loss of user funds or contract state manipulation. |
Medium | Medium vulnerabilities are usually limited to state manipulations and, in most cases, cannot lead to asset loss. Contradictions and requirements violations. Major deviations from best practices are also in this category. |
Low | Major deviations from best practices or major Gas inefficiency. These issues will not have a significant impact on code execution. |
Severity
- Critical
Description
- Critical vulnerabilities are usually straightforward to exploit and can lead to the loss of user funds or contract state manipulation.
Severity
- High
Description
- High vulnerabilities are usually harder to exploit, requiring specific conditions, or have a more limited scope, but can still lead to the loss of user funds or contract state manipulation.
Severity
- Medium
Description
- Medium vulnerabilities are usually limited to state manipulations and, in most cases, cannot lead to asset loss. Contradictions and requirements violations. Major deviations from best practices are also in this category.
Severity
- Low
Description
- Major deviations from best practices or major Gas inefficiency. These issues will not have a significant impact on code execution.
Potential Risks
The "Potential Risks" section identifies issues that are not direct security vulnerabilities but could still affect the project’s performance, reliability, or user trust. These risks arise from design choices, architectural decisions, or operational practices that, while not immediately exploitable, may lead to problems under certain conditions. Additionally, potential risks can impact the quality of the audit itself, as they may involve external factors or components beyond the scope of the audit, leading to incomplete assessments or oversight of key areas. This section aims to provide a broader perspective on factors that could affect the project's long-term security, functionality, and the comprehensiveness of the audit findings.
Appendix 2. Scope
The scope of the project includes the following smart contracts from the provided repository:
Scope Details | |
|---|---|
| Repository | https://github.com/State1Dev/gbck-smart-contracts→ |
| Updated Repository | https://github.com/GoldBrickGBCK/gbck-smart-contracts→ |
| Initial Commit | eb38054984c07ac4cdb1ade8764d10e71b26f56d |
| Final Commit | 5d49bf4e58190226a4ba7fb2cacf47ce7cf686b2 |
| Whitepaper | https://goldbrick.docsend.com/view/e596rwnuqkeivujd→ |
| Requirements | N/A |
| Technical Requirements | N/A |
Scope Details
- Updated Repository
- https://github.com/GoldBrickGBCK/gbck-smart-contracts→
- Initial Commit
- eb38054984c07ac4cdb1ade8764d10e71b26f56d
- Final Commit
- 5d49bf4e58190226a4ba7fb2cacf47ce7cf686b2
- Requirements
- N/A
- Technical Requirements
- N/A